Prostate Cancer Treatment

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Prostate Cancer Treatment in Mumbai

Prostate cancer begins when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. The prostate is a small gland in men, located below the bladder, that helps produce semen. Many prostate cancers grow slowly, but some can grow and spread faster. Treatment depends on the stage, the grade of the cancer, your age and your overall health. It may include active surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.

At Asian Cancer Institute – ACI Cumballa Hill Hospital, our oncology and surgical teams provide prostate cancer treatment in Mumbai. Each treatment plan is based on your diagnosis, cancer stage, overall health and individual needs.

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What Is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is one of the more common cancers in men, and the risk increases with age. In the early stages, it often causes no symptoms and may be found through a blood test or examination done for another reason.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Common symptoms include:

Note: Most of these symptoms are far more often caused by a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate (BPH) or a urinary infection. Even so, they should be checked by a doctor.

01 Needing to pass urine more often, especially at night

02 A weak or slow urine flow

03 Difficulty starting or stopping urine

04 Feeling that the bladder is not fully empty

05 Blood in the urine or semen

06 Pain or discomfort in the pelvis, hips or lower back

07 Erectile difficulty

08 Unexplained weight loss or tiredness in advanced cases

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause is not always known. Some factors may increase the risk of stomach cancer:

Older age, especially over 50

A family history of prostate, breast or ovarian cancer

Certain inherited gene changes

Obesity

A diet high in red meat and fat

Note: Having a risk factor does not mean you will develop cancer. Many people with stomach cancer have none of these.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor if you have urinary changes, pelvic or back pain, or blood in the urine that does not settle within a few weeks. Seek medical care promptly if you have:

Blood in the urine or semen

Sudden inability to pass urine

Severe back pain with leg weakness or numbness

Unexplained weight loss

If you are over 50, or younger with a family history of prostate cancer, ask your doctor whether PSA testing is suitable for you.

How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?

Early and accurate diagnosis helps your doctor choose the right treatment. Based on your symptoms and examination, your doctor may recommend:

PSA blood test

Measures prostate-specific antigen, a protein made by the prostate. A raised level does not always mean cancer.

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

The doctor feels the prostate for hard or irregular areas.

MRI of the prostate

To look for suspicious areas and guide the biopsy.

Prostate biopsy and histopathology

Small tissue samples examined under a microscope to confirm cancer and assess its grade.

Bone scan, PSMA PET-CT or CT scan

To check whether the cancer has spread.

Genetic or molecular testing

In selected cases, to guide treatment decisions.

Note: Our radiology team supports the diagnostic process, while oncology specialists assess the results and plan treatment.

Prostate Cancer Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage and grade of the cancer, your age, other health conditions and your personal preferences. Your care team will explain the options, the benefits and the possible side effects so you can decide together.

01 / SURGERY

Active Surveillance

For slow-growing, low-risk cancer, doctors may suggest regular PSA tests, scans and sometimes repeat biopsies instead of immediate treatment. Treatment starts only if the cancer shows signs of progressing. This avoids side effects when treatment is not yet needed.

01 / SURGERY

Prostate Cancer Surgery

Surgery may be recommended when the cancer is limited to the prostate. In a radical prostatectomy, the surgeon removes the prostate gland and sometimes nearby lymph nodes. It can be done by open, laparoscopic or robotic methods, depending on the case. Asian Cancer Institute offers Surgical Oncology and Urology services, with operating theatres and a robotic surgery suite to support suitable procedures.

01 / SURGERY

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It may be given from outside the body (external beam radiotherapy) or, in some cases, from radioactive seeds placed inside the prostate (brachytherapy). It may be used as the main treatment, after surgery, or to relieve symptoms such as bone pain.

01 / SURGERY

Hormone Therapy

Prostate cancer cells usually depend on male hormones to grow. Hormone therapy (androgen deprivation therapy) lowers these hormones or blocks their effect. It is often combined with radiotherapy or used for cancer that has spread.

01 / SURGERY

Chemotherapy and Other Medicines

Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer medicines to destroy or control cancer cells. It may be recommended for advanced prostate cancer, often along with hormone therapy. Our [Medical Oncology] team plans treatment based on your diagnosis, test results and overall health. Chemotherapy and daycare services are available for eligible patients. In selected cases, other medicines, including targeted therapy, may be considered based on test results.

Possible Risks and Side Effects

All cancer treatments have possible side effects, and these vary from person to person.

After surgery

Pain, bleeding, infection, temporary or long-term urine leakage, and erectile difficulty.

With Radiotherapy

Tiredness, urinary irritation, loose stools or bowel irritation, and sometimes erectile difficulty.

With Hormone Therapy

Hot flushes, tiredness, reduced sex drive, erectile difficulty, weight gain, mood changes and weaker bones over time.

During chemotherapy

Nausea, tiredness, hair loss, lower blood counts and a higher risk of infection.

Recovery and Aftercare

Recovery depends on the type of treatment and your general health. After prostate surgery, you will usually have a urinary catheter for a short time. Pelvic floor exercises can help you regain bladder control. Staying active, eating a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco support recovery.

Our Experts

Prostate cancer care may involve specialists from several areas of oncology and surgery. At ACI Cumballa Hill Hospital, patients have access to experienced specialists across these disciplines.

Dr. Jagdeesh Kulkarni

MS | MCh (URO) | FNAMS | MNAMS | FCPS | FICS

Director – Asian Cancer Institute Uro-Oncologist & Surgical Oncologist

Why Choose Asian Cancer Institute?

ACI Cumballa Hill Hospital is a NABH-accredited tertiary healthcare centre with more than 50 beds and dedicated ICU facilities. It has three operating theatres, a robotic surgery suite, an endoscopy suite and daycare services.

Medical oncology, surgical oncology, gastroenterology, endoscopy, radiology and other supportive specialties work together, so you can receive coordinated cancer care under one roof. Our approach focuses on personalised treatment, clear communication and compassionate care through diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Questions, Answered

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Every case is different. These answers can help you prepare for a more detailed conversation with your care team.

1. What are the early signs of prostate cancer?

Early prostate cancer often causes no symptoms. When symptoms appear, they may include frequent urination, a weak urine flow, difficulty starting urine, or blood in the urine or semen. These are more often caused by benign prostate enlargement, so a doctor’s evaluation is needed.

2. Does a high PSA level mean I have prostate cancer?

Not always. PSA can also rise because of infection, inflammation, benign enlargement or recent procedures. A raised PSA means further tests, such as an MRI or biopsy, may be needed to know the cause.

3. How is prostate cancer confirmed?

Doctors usually use a PSA test, an examination and often an MRI. A biopsy is then needed to confirm cancer and find its grade. Scans show whether the cancer has spread.

4. Can prostate cancer be cured?

It depends mainly on the stage and grade at diagnosis. When the cancer is confined to the prostate, treatment may aim for a cure. Many prostate cancers also grow slowly, and even advanced cancer can often be controlled for years. Your oncologist can explain what to expect in your situation.

5. Does every prostate cancer need immediate treatment?

No. Slow-growing, low-risk cancers may be monitored with active surveillance. Treatment is started if tests show the cancer is changing.

6. Will treatment affect urinary control or sexual function?

It can. Surgery, radiotherapy and hormone therapy may all affect urinary or sexual function, but the extent varies. Many problems improve over time or can be managed. Discuss your concerns openly with your doctor before choosing treatment.

7. Is surgery or radiotherapy better for prostate cancer?

For many early cancers, both can be effective. The choice depends on your age, cancer features, other health conditions and preferences, so your care team will guide you

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Book an Appointment for Prostate Cancer Treatment in Mumbai

If you have been diagnosed with prostate cancer, are experiencing persistent urinary symptoms or have a raised PSA level, or are seeking a second opinion on your diagnosis or treatment plan, consulting an oncology specialist can help you understand your condition and available treatment options. Contact Asian Cancer Institute – ACI Cumballa Hill Hospital to schedule a consultation or seek a second opinion.